Semiconductor Fabrication
Introduction Semiconductor fabrication, or semiconductor manufacturing, is the process of producing integrated circuits (ICs) through a series of intricate and highly controlled processes. These circuits power virtually all modern electronic devices, from smartphones and computers to industrial machinery and medical equipment. The semiconductor industry is a cornerstone of technological advancement, and its manufacturing process involves sophisticated techniques that demand high precision and extreme cleanliness. The Semiconductor Manufacturing Process The fabrication of semiconductor devices is a complex, multi-step procedure that requires cutting-edge technology, specialized equipment, and clean room environments. The process can be broadly divided into the following stages: 1. Wafer Preparation The semiconductor manufacturing process begins with the production of silicon wafers. Silicon, derived from sand, is purified and crystallized into ingots using the Czo...